The science of climate has developed enormously in the last few years and it has been shown to be even more relevant and essential to inform policies and develop strategies that will allow for the growth of welfare around the world, consolidating mature economies and opening the path to prosperity for advancing countries. The challenge that we are facing has been em- bodied by the presentation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that represent the 17 major issues that are crucial for this program. Not sur- prisingly climate change appears as one of them recognizing the growing role that humanity has in interfering with the working of our planet and the necessity to deploy measures and policies that will ensure the maintenance of a healthy equilibrium between our planet and ourselves.